Substance use disorders/treatment; treatment availability

Buer LM, Ostrach B. 2026. “Prescription Drugs Misuse in Rural Appalachia.” In The Sage Encyclopedia of Crime and Gender. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications Inc.

Carroll JJ., Dasgupta N, Ostrach B, El-Sabawi T., Dixon S, Morrissey B, Saucier R., 2024. Evidence-based treatment for opioid use disorder is widely unavailable and often discouraged by providers of residential substance use services in North Carolina. Journal of Substance Use and Addiction Treatment, online ahead of print:p.209474.

Hughes PM, Harless C, Ramage M, Fusco C, Ostrach B. 2023. "Opioid Use Disorder Practice by Licensure Category in North Carolina." North Carolina Medical Journal 84(3):online.

Harless C, Hughes P, Wilson CG, Carpenter DM, Ostrach B. 2022. Eligible prescriber experiences with substance use disorder treatment & perceptions of pharmacy barriers to buprenorphine. Southern Medical Journal, 115(8), pp.584-592.

Hughes P, Verrastro G, Ostrach B, Fusco C, Wilson, C.2021. An Examination of Telehealth Policy Impacts on  Initial Rural Opioid Use Disorder Treatment Patterns during the COVID-19 Pandemic. The Journal of Rural Health 37(3):467-472.

Cabello-De la Garza A, Harless C, Ostrach B, Fagan B. 2022. Increasing North Carolina’s workforce capacity for prescribing buprenorphine products. North Carolina Medical Journal 83(4):288-293. 

Perinatal treatment & access

Friedman SR, Hughes PM, Blake E, Tak C, Ostrach B, Ramage M. 2025. Stigmatizing Terminology and Patient-Centered Language in Perinatal Substance Use Chart Notes. Journal of Addictions Nursing. 36(2):86-97.

El-Sabawi T, Carroll JC, Ostrach B. 2022. Restricting Reproductive Rights During the War on Drugs:  Intersectional Regimes of Surveillance and Criminalization That Harm Us All. Harvard Law Bill of Health. September  21, 2022. 

Buer LM, Ostrach B, Major E. 2022. Perinatal Substance Use Stigma in Appalachia. Digital content production. Produced by MAHEC  Education. https://vimeo.com/778497471. 

El-Sabawi T., Carroll JJ, Ostrach B, Ramage M. 2022. Harms of Punitive Approaches to Perinatal Substance Use.  Produced by MAHEC Education. Digital content production. https://vimeo.com/778497320. 

Ostrach B, El-Sabawi T, Carroll JC. 2021. Interdisciplinary Efforts to Oppose a Punitive Perinatal Substance  Use Law in North Carolina. Somatosphere, December. https://somatosphere.com/2021/interdisciplinary-efforts-opopose-hb918-northcarolina.html/  

Carroll J., El-Sabawi T., and Ostrach B. 2021. The harms of punishing substance use during pregnancy. International Journal of Drug Policy 98, p.103433 

Leiner C, B Antono, B Ostrach. 2021. "Perinatal OUD Treatment Provider Understandings of Rural Patients’  Experiences." Journal of Addiction Medicine, 16(2), pp.177-182..

Leiner C.., Cody T, Mullins N, Ramage M, Ostrach B. 2021. “The Elephant in the Room;” Addressing Perinatal  Fears in Opioid Use Disorder Treatment—A Qualitative Study.” BMC Pregnancy & Childbirth 21(1):1-12.

Buer LM, Ostrach B, Clark G. 2021. "There are no “addicted” babies in Appalachia:” mindfully approaching  regional substance use. Journal of Appalachian Studies 27(1): 89-105.  

Project CARA. (including Research Team, of which Ostrach B. was a member). 2020. Project CARA  Brief: Use of Buprenorphine -Naloxone in Pregnancy. Summary of Evidence and Clinical Policy. Mountain Area  Health Education Centers Obstetrics & Gynecology, Maternal-Fetal Medicine. Asheville, NC. 

Ostrach B, Leiner C. 2019. “I didn’t want to be on Suboxone at first…”–Ambivalence in Perinatal Substance Use  Treatment. Journal of addiction medicine. 13(4):264–271. 

Overdose & overdose death prevention; naloxone availability

Marley G, Shubel C, Thorpe CT, Annis IE, Delamater P, Carpenter D, Ostrach B. Examining geographic disparities in access to no‐cost naloxone in North Carolina: A cross‐sectional survey of naloxone distribution programs. The Journal of Rural Health. 2025 Jun;41(3):e70069.

Marley G, Annis IE, Ostrach B, Egan K, Delamater PL, Bell R, Dasgupta N, Carpenter DM. 2024. Naloxone Accessibility by Standing Order in North Carolina Community Pharmacies. Journal of the American Pharmacists Association, p.102021.

Hughes PM, Ostrach B, Tak C. 2023.  “Examining Differences in Opioid Deaths by Race in North Carolina Following the STOP Act, 2010–2019.” Journal of Substance Use & Addiction Treatment online ahead of print (September 19, 2023). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.josat.2023.209171.

Major E and Ostrach B. 2020. Review of Literature on Naloxone Distribution Strategies: Impact on Overdose  Deaths and Contextual Factors. Report prepared at the request of Dogwood Health Trust, Asheville, NC.

Ostrach B, Hayes V. 2019. Overdose Deaths: Not an Epidemic or a Crisis, and Not by Accident. The Fix.

Mullins N, Brown H , Ostrach B 2018 Oct 4. Is There a Risk to Naloxone? Public Health Post.  

Pharmacy-based overdose reduction & treatment access

Carpenter DM, Mashburn P, Viracola C, Marley GT, and Ostrach B. “A Brief Online Training to Address Pharmacists’ Willingness to Dispense Buprenorphine.” Journal of Addiction Medicine, 18(1):68-70.

Vieira LE, Ostrach B, Westrick S, Kennelty KA, Look KA, Carpenter DM. Practical naloxone communication tips for pharmacists: Lessons learned from the Linguistic Model of Patient Participation in Care. Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy. 2025 May 1;21(5):361-70.

Marley, Grace, Cheryl Viracola, Ainsley Bryce, Anthony Hudson, Elizabeth Locklear, Bayla Ostrach, and Delesha Carpenter. “Co-Development of a Community Pharmacy Training Regarding Fentanyl and Xylazine Test Strips.” Exploratory Research in Clinical and Social Pharmacy, December 19, 2024, 100557. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rcsop.2024.100557.

Ostrach B, Hill L, Carpenter DM, Pollini R. 2023.  "Addressing buprenorphine bottlenecks in the context of MAT Act implementation: A shared responsibility." Journal of the American Pharmacists Association,63(4), pp.1044-1048.

Marley GT, Ostrach B, Carpenter DM. 2023. ““North Carolina Pharmacists’ Willingness to Sell Fentanyl Test  Strips: A Survey Study.” Harm Reduction Journal 20(1)1–6. 

Major E, Wilson CG, Carpenter DM, Harless C, Trull G, Ostrach B. “Factors in Rural Community  Buprenorphine Dispensing: Pharmacy Stakeholder Perspectives,” Exploratory Research in Clinical and Social  Pharmacy, 9, p.100204.

Davis SA, Dryer R, Zule W, Ostrach B, Carpenter DM. 2022. A content review of buprenorphine training  programs for pharmacists. Exploratory Research in Clinical and Social Pharmacy 6(100154), online ahead of print.

Carpenter D, Lambert KV, Harless C, Wilson CG, Davis SA, Zule WA, Ostrach B. 2022. North Carolina  community pharmacists’ buprenorphine dispensing practices and attitudes. Journal of the American Pharmacists  Association, 62(5), pp.1606-1614.

Ostrach B., Carpenter DM., Caron O. 2022. Rx for Access: Community Pharmacists and Buprenorphine. Produced by MAHEC Education. Digital content production. https://vimeo.com/778496934.

Trull G, Major E, Harless C, Zule W, Ostrach B, Carpenter DM. 2021. “Rural Community Pharmacist  Willingness to Dispense Suboxone® - A Secret Shopper Investigation in South-Central Appalachia.” Exploratory  Research in Clinical and Social Pharmacy 4: 100082. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rcsop.2021.100082. 

Ostrach B., Potter R, Wilson CG, Carpenter DM. 2021. Ensuring Buprenorphine Access in Rural Community  Pharmacies. J. American Pharmacists Association, 62(2):588-597.

Ostrach B, Carpenter DM, Cote L. 2021. DEA Disconnect Leads to Buprenorphine Bottlenecks. J Addiction Med. 15 (4), 272-275. 

Carpenter, DM, Ostrach B., Trull G., and community expert panel. 2021. Buprenorphine Understanding in the  Pharmacy Environment (B.U.P.E.), digital content (training) production. Developed in collaboration with UNC MEDIA Team. 

Community-based harm reduction; rural harm reduction;
harm reduction best practices

Ostrach B., Hixon VB, Bryce A. 2024. ““When justice-involved people who use drugs can’t differentiate between medical care and cops, it’s a problem.” - Compounding Risks of Law Enforcement Harassment and Punitive Healthcare Policies.” Health & Justice. 12(3):online.

Buer L, Ostrach B, Armbruster S, Major E. 2022. Mapping silenced spaces during increased overdose and COVID-19: Opportunities for danger and Harm Reduction in Southern Appalachia. In: COVID-19 and an Emerging  World of Ad Hoc Geographies, Eds. Brunn & Gilbreath. Springer.  

Morrissey B, Hughes T, Ostrach B., Wilson L, Getty R, Combs T, Bennett J, Carroll JJ. 2022. "“They don’t go by  the law around here”: law enforcement interactions after the legalization of syringe services programs in North  Carolina." Harm Reduction Journal 19(1):1-13. 

Carroll, J, Ostrach B, Wilson L, Dunlap JL, Getty R, Bennett J. 2021 Drug induced homicide laws may worsen  opioid related harms: an example from rural North Carolina. International Journal of Drug Policy 97 (2021): 103406.

Ostrach B, Brown H, Bryce A. 2021. Drug Use Harm Reduction Best Practices for Western North Carolina: Contextually Informed, Locally Specific Evidence-Based Recommendations for Funders & Practitioners. North  Carolina. Prepared for Dogwood Health Trust. Available upon request from the Steady Collective and Holler Harm Reduction. 

Ostrach B, Buer L-M, Armbruster S, Brown H, Yochym G, Zaller N. 2020 (online); 2021 (print). COVID-19 and Rural Harm Reduction Challenges in the US Southern Mountains. The Journal of Rural Health 37(1):252-255.

Carpenter DM, Zule W, Hennessy C, Evon D, Hurt C, Ostrach B. 2022. Factors associated with perceived ease of access to syringes in Appalachian North Carolina. J. Rural Health, 39(1):212-222.

Research methodology,  teaching, and ethics

Ostrach B, Carroll JJ. 2024. "On Race and Place in Substance Use Research."* American Journal of Public Health 114(11):1148-1150.

Buer LM, Healy E, Ostrach B. 2024. Leveraging Informal Qualitative Data at SSPs: Video Training. Supporting Harm Reduction Programs (SHaRP), digital content (training) production. University of Washington. 

Ostrach B, Buer LM, Price B, Healy E, Benhoff K, Glick S. 2024. “Institutional Review Board (IRB) Guidance for Harm Reduction Programs.” Supporting Harm Reduction Programs (SHaRP), University of Washington. 

Healy E, Ostrach B, Means B, Supporting Harm Reduction Programs (SHaRP). 2023. “Leveraging Informal Qualitative Data Collection and Use at Syringe Services Programs”  University of Washington.

Ostrach B. 2021. “I’ll tell you what’s important to me…” – Community Lessons in Women’s Health Screening. BMC Women’s Health 21(2021):1-7.

Ostrach B. 2020. Human-Centered Design for a Women’s Health Screening Tool: Participant Experiences.  Southern medical journal. 113(10):469–474. 

Hughes P, Ostrach B 2020. Trends in exposure to over-reach: a comment on the methodology of Reynolds et  al. 2019. Clinical Toxicology 59(1):85-86.

Barnes LL, Laird LD, Ostrach B 2020. From Medical Anthropology at a Medical School to Careers in  Community-Based Applied Anthropology. Practicing Anthropology. 42(1):36–42.  

Koenders SL, Barnes LL, Laird LD, Ostrach B, Fix GM. 2020. Applied Training in a Medical Anthropology  Master’s Program. Practicing Anthropology. 42(1):43–47.